The default values and scalings provided by the program are to be treated as suggestions and more than likely they will not be optimal in a given case.
Optimal penalties depend on the actual score values for the aligned sequences. Thus they are affected by divergence of the sequences, residue biases, choice of residue exchange matrix and so on. This means that the gap and frame penalties cannot be defined a priori and need to be calibrated by trial and error.
See the Help on choosing Parameters for an overview or read the following publication for all the details:
Information on the complete set of tools can be found at the WiseTools HomePage.
Last modified on 12.Oct.2001 (prev. Feb. 6, 1998)